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A drug interaction is a change in the action or side effect of a drug caused by concomitant administration of other drug. For example, one drug may alter the Pharmacokinetics (absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion) of another drug. Occurrence of Drug Interactions increases as the number of drugs administered to a patient increases. Both the use of medications and subsequent adverse drug interactions have increased significantly from 2005-2018. Over a third (36%) of the elderly, they regularly use five or more medications or supplements and 15% are at potential risk of a significant drugdrug interaction with aim and objective to focus on To study the prevalence of drug interactions in gastroenterology department at a tertiary care hospital with the objective to focus on to assess the drug interactions in prescriptions of patients admitted in gastroenterology department. To assess the risk factors of the drug interactions found. To assess the treatments given to gastroenterology patients and comparing the treatment outcome with standard treatment guidelines. Providing proper patient counselling to avoid food-drug interactions. Results and Discussions : This study was conducted in Gastroenterology Dept of New Government General Hospital, Vijayawada. It is a 500 bed tertiary care teaching hospital. Majority of 29 patients were from 31-40 years, 27 patients were from 41-50 years, 21 patients were from 21-30 years and 20 patients were from 51-60 years. Out of 97 patients studied, 77% were male and 23% were female. He number and percentage of population reported with DDIs and population without any DDI in the total sample size of 97 patients admitted in the Gastroenterology department of Government General Hospital, Vijayawada. Among the reported 13 DDIs reported, 4 DDIs were from 21-30 years, 5 DDIs were from 31- 40 years, 2 DDIs were from 41-50 years and 2 DDIs were from 51-60 years. The first step in managing DDIs is to aware the patients about drugs who are taking potentially interacting drugs. It is vital to have periodic monitoring of prescription in order to improve the prescribers, awareness on DDIs and their management in improving the clinical outcomes. Hence clinical pharmacist participation can improve the treatment to hospitalized patients and promote drug safe

The advent of multidrug resistance among pathogenic bacteria is decreasing the effectiveness of antibiotics. The goal of this
study is to identify antibiotic resistance patterns of various microorganisms isolated from surgical patient samples. A total of
250 surgical patient’s antibiotic resistance patterns were analysed of which 187 were male and 63 were female. We
observed a wide emergence of infections instigated by multi-resistant gram-negative bacteria 193 (77.2%) especially, E. coli
(24%), K. pneumonia (22.8%), P. aeruginosa (13.2%), Acenetobacter sp. (4.8%). Among gram-positive bacteria 55 (22%),
multi- drug resistance was noticed in staphylococcus species (18.8%) especially s. Aureus (8.8%). The least being 2 (0.8%)
resistant to atypical bacteria. Reported differences in resistance patterns among bacteria isolated from surgery patients may
attribute to differences in the patient demographics. Antimicrobial resistance continues to rise at an alarming rate,
particularly among gram-negative bacteria. This study will continue to be beneficial in guiding antimicrobial medication
decisions in surgical patients

The first presentation of T1DM in adults is becoming less prevalent, although it continues to be widespread in the pediatric population due to the increasing prevalence of DKA. If a patient presents with DKA for the first time, it is likely that the underlying diagnosis is T1DM. This is especially true if the patient has a short history of symptoms, is young, and has a normal BMI. The condition known as DKA, also known as ketosis-prone type 2 diabetes or 'Flatbush' diabetes. physiological aims for metabolic treatment include: > Reduction of blood ketone concentration by 0.5 mmol/L/hour; > Increase of venous bicarbonate by 3.0 mmol/L/hour; > Reduction of capillary blood glucose by 3.0 mmol/L/hour; and > Maintenance of potassium levels between 4.0 and 5.5 mmol/L.If these targets are not met, then the FRIII rate should be increased in order to compensate. Despite NICE recommendations, access to psychological treatments for patients with type 1 diabetes is unsatisfactory in many places. Diabetes specialist teams should be contacted within 24 hours of any hospitalization for DKA, and the patient should be reviewed by a specialist before being discharged. This education support should include the following elements in order to promote best practice: a review of the normal glycemic control procedures Discussion on sick day policies, assessment of the requirement for home ketone testing (blood or urinary) and education to enable this, as well as contact telephone numbers for the diabetes specialist team, including after-hours service

Patients older than 65 years old have congestive heart failure at a higher rate than any other condition that leads to hospitalisation. There are almost 700,000 new cases of heart failure diagnosed each year, and re-hospitalization rates can reach as high as fifty percent within the first few months after an individual has been initially discharged from the hospital. It is essential for the management of congestive heart failure to have a solid understanding of the therapeutic drugs that not only help reduce the rates of mortality and morbidity, but also reduce the number of times patients need to be readmitted. In this section, the writers discuss the many different categories of medications that are utilised in the treatment of heart failure. They then proceed to present a focused review that examines the several clinical trials that have prioritised the study of mortality, morbidity, and hospitalisation rates in heart failure patients who are receiving the various types of treatment medicines

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic, inflammatory, autoimmune disease characterized by symmetric inflammation of synovial joints and progressive erosion of cartilage and bone. The American College of Rheumatology guidelines recommend that newly diagnosed patients with rheumatoid arthritis begin treatment with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs to mitigate joint destruction, preserve function, and prevent disability within 3 months of diagnosis. In recent years, new and emerging therapies have been measured by methotrexate, which remains the most prescribed Disease modifying antirheumatic drugs. A growing understanding of the immunological basis of RA and advances in biotechnology have led to new, targeted biological therapies against proinflammatory cytokines that have effectively changed the treatment paradigm and outcomes of patients with Rheumatoid arthritis. Review of the pharmacological rationale for rheumatoid arthritis therapy is presented in this article, with a focus on currently available biological therapies and those under development. In this article, the pharmacological basis for treating rheumatoid arthritis is reviewed, with an emphasis on biological treatments that are now in use and those that are being developed

Robotics is the science and technology of robots, and their design, manufacture, and applications. Cartesian, Selective
Compliance Articulated Robot Arm (SCARA), and articulated robots are the three most prevalent types of industrial robots.
These robots can be used in sterile production, laboratories, packaging, and a variety of other pharmaceutical applications.
Roboticists also study electronics, mechanics and software. In the world of pharmaceuticals, there is a vital role for robotics
to play in the complicated processes of research and development, production, and packaging. Justification for robots ranges
from improved worker safety to improved quality. Speeding up the drug discovery process is another benefit of robotics. A
number of robot manufacturers have products specifically designed for this industry. This article intends to provide
information on robots used in pharmaceutical industry, as well as to gather and analyse data from previous years relating to
the deployment of industrial robots in the market and their impact on worker employment or jobs. According to the study,
the number of installations is growing year after year, and many companies are contemplating pharmaceutical robots
because of their numerous pharmaceutical applications, benefits, flexibility, and capacity to securely collaborate with
people. It is expected that in the near future, robotics will play an important role in the pharmaceutical industry

A never-ending challenge in the pharmaceutical industry is the low solubility of maximum drugs. Various technologies have
been developed to overcome this problem, but none seem promising. Solid dispersions have attracted significant interest as
an effective way to improve the dissolution rate, and hence the bioavailability, of a number of poorly water-soluble drugs. In
order to improve the dissolution of poorly water-soluble drugs and thereby increase their bioavailability, the dispersion of
one or more active pharmaceutical ingredients in a solid carrier is used. This process is therefore referred to as solid
dispersion. One of the most challenging aspects of formulation development is the solubility behavior of a drug. Solid
dispersions prepared by various methods can be used as compared to conventional formulations such as tablets or capsules,
which have many advantages over the above conventional dosage form. The most common problem with the conventional
dosage form is swallowing difficulties. Therefore, we are developing a new approach in a traditional dosage form, namely a
fast-dissolving tablet. Fast-dissolving tablets have the advantage that they quickly dissolve in saliva without water. The
faster the drug breaks down or dissolves, the faster it will be absorbed and the faster the therapeutic effect of the drug will be
achieved. Advances in this area allow for the development of an economical and better way to treat disease while avoiding
many of the problems associated with other delivery systems. This review highlights the manufacturing process, properties,
mechanisms, and evaluation of drugs

Lupus erythemateux was first coined by Cazenave and Clausit in 1852, yet this condition continues to test the physician's ability to provide safe and effective treatment 150 years later. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystemic, chronic disease that affects patients in various ways and over varying time periods. In addition, life-threatening organ involvement may not manifest until irreversible damage has occurred. A 45 year old female patient has presented to the dermatology department on 09-AUG-2022, with complaint of itchy lesions over head and both hands since 8 months, Alopecia and Oral lesions since 8 months. History included consultation with a dermatologist, followed by treatment with Tablet Prednisolone, 10 mg, once daily, Tablet Chloroquine 250 mg, once daily, Tablet Calcium- once daily, Tablet Iron Folic Acid, once daily, Tablet Vitamin C, once daily, Betamethasone cream. On examination patient was conscious and oriented, cooperative, well oriented to time, place and person. Patient was prescribed with appropriate medication and counselled for life style modifications