| 1. | SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES USING NARDOSTACHYS JATAMANSI AND STUDYING ITS ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY |
| Gopakumar T*, Vasanthi C, Seethalakshmi S, Anish Stephen |
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ABSTRACT
Nardostachys jatamansi, known as spikenard has an array of proven therapeutic properties like anti-epileptic, anti-depressant and anti-arrhythmic properties. In this study we have synthesized silver nanoparticles using Nardostachys jatamansi which will act as reducing and capping agent and characterized by UV- Vis spectroscopy. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were evaluated for its antioxidant properties by subjecting it to DPPH (diphenyl picryl hydrazine) assay. Also the extract solution was evaluated for its antioxidant properties in order to study any bioenhancing effects by the synthesized silver nanoparticles .It has been found that both the synthesized silver nanoparticles and the Nardostachys jatamansi extract have significant antioxidant properties when compared with the standard curcumin. It is seen that synthesized silver nanoparticles have better antioxidant properties than the extract at lower concentrations like 25& 50mcg/ml.
Key Words:- Nardostachys jatamansi, Silver nanoparticles, Antioxidant, Bioenhancer.
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| 2. | FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF HERBAL MULTIPURPOSE CREAM |
| Laxmi Banjare* and Pranita Kashyap |
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ABSTRACT
Herbal Medicine sometimes referred to as Herbalism or Botanical Medicine, is the use of herbs for their therapeutic or medicinal value. The herb is a plant or plant part valued for its medicinal, aromatic qualities. Herb plants produce and contain a variety of chemical substances that act upon the body. The Herbal Cosmetics defined as beauty products, which possess desirable physiological activities, such as skin healing, smoothing, and appearance, enhancing and conditioning properties because of herbal ingredients. The herbal multipurpose cream was prepared and evaluated with an aim to design and developed new formula for herbal multipurpose cream. Formulations were evaluated for various physicochemical parameters include appearance, type of emulsion, Stability of color and odor, extrubility, pH, Texture, feel upon application, particulate contamination, spredability, etc. Formulation C was found to be best with regards to its used and demonstrating better product stability. Such a superior performing stable formulation could be attributed to its use.
Key Words:- Multipurpose cream, Herbal Formulation, Medicinal Herb.
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| 3. | OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF COMPOSITES |
| Ankit Sajnani, Mithra N.Hegde, Chitharanjan Shetty |
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ABSTRACT
It is a challenge for every aesthetic dentist to replicate the appearance and colour of teeth to its closest sense and form. Hence the demand for aesthetic restorations have increased in last two decades and scientific research in the field of dentistry has lead to introduction of composites with high strength, optical properties and decreased polymerization shrinkage. Dental resin based composites are composed of Resin Matrix e.g BisGMA (bisphenol A glycerolate dimethacrylate) UDMA (Urethane dimethacrylate) TEGDMA (triethylene glycol dimethacrylate ), Filler e.g Macrofillers, Microfillers, Nanofillers and Coupling Agents e.g. Titanates, Zirconates, Organosilane. Since aesthetic properties of composites are very important, this article concentrates on optical properties of composites a) Translucency b) Opacity c) Fluorescence d) Opalscence and factors affecting them.
Key Words:- Optical Properties, Composite, Translucency, Opacity, Fluorescence, Opalscence.
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| 4. | MONITORING AND REPORTING OF ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS WITH CARDIOVASCULAR DRUGS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN SOUTH INDIA |
| Palanisamy Sharmila Nirojini*, Raghavendra Yemineni, Rama Rao Nadendla |
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ABSTRACT
A prospective observational study was conducted for a period of nine months in a tertiary care hospital in South India. The aim of this study was to monitor and report cardiovascular drugs induced adverse drug reactions. A total of 227 patients, 152 men and 75 women using cardiovascular drugs entered the study; among them 115 patients 78men and 37 women were experienced 176 adverse drug reactions. Detected ADR were mostly observed in the age group of 55-65. Majority of the ADRs were observed with male 78(67.8%) compared to female 32 (32.2%). Headache (24.1%), nausea vomiting (10.7%), weakness (9.6%) and dizziness (9%) were the most frequent reactions .When analysed ADRs by Naranjo ADR probability scale, majority of the ADRs 112 (63.6%) were scored probable, 54 (30.6%) possible, 6 (3.4%) unlikely and 4 (2.2%) definite. Severity of ADRs were analysed with modified Hartwig scale 125 (71%) reactions were moderate, 49 (28%) mild and 2(1%) were severe. This study found that much more knowledge to be needed to the healthcare professionals to reduce the incidence of adverse drug reactions. By regulating the ADR reporting system in India can controls the adverse events.
Key Words:- Adverse Drug Reactions, Pharmacovigilance, Cardiovascular Drugs, Causality Assessment.
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| 5. | INTENSIVE MONITORING OF ADVERSE DRUG REACTION IN HOSPITALIZED PATIENTS IN A SOUTH INDIAN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL |
| R.Venkatesan*, S.Ravisankar, M.Lakshminarasu, S.D.Rajendran |
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ABSTRACT
The aim of study was to describe the pattern of adverse drug reactions and evaluate the frequency, severity and preventable of adverse drug reactions from a medicine ward at tertiary care hospital. A prospective observational study was conducted for a period of 06 month. ADR profile was noted by intensive monitoring. The WHO definition of an ADR was adopted and causality assessment was determined using the Naranjo’s algorithm scale. Severity and Preventability were assessed by using the criterion developed by Hartwig & Shamrock and Thornton. The overall occurrence of ADRs was observed as 19.01% (232/1220). Type A reactions accounted for 81.87% of the ADRs followed by Type B reactions (18.12%). More ADRs were observed in males when compared to females and were observed among the age group of 46 to 60 years (29.74%) frequently when compared to other groups. the most common drug class associated with ADRs were antibacterial. Gastrointestinal system was the most common organ system affected due to ADRs. The adverse drug reaction monitoring systems had their birth after the land mark event of thalidomide disaster. Use of intensive monitoring approach based on active surveillance of records might be helpful in better detection and documentation of ADRs and ensure better healthcare delivery to the patients.
Key Words:- Adverse Drug Reaction, Intensive Monitoring, Causality, Tertiary Care Hospital.
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| 6. | APPROACHES AND ROLE OF PHARMACIST TO CONTROL INAPPROPRIATE MEDICATION USE AMONG INDIAN CITIZENS |
| Aziz-ur-Rahman*and Md. Fareedullah |
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ABSTRACT
This article attempt to emphasis on medication misuse in Indian health care settings and citizens, discusses the medication misuse and medication errors, and try to explain the steps, approaches and strategies that could be taken to minimize and prevent these medication errors. Simultaneously, a brief explanation about present pharmacy practice scenario, the present role of pharmacist in India, services and responsibilities in preventing these medication errors in public as well as in health care settings is included.
Key Words:- Medication Errors, Pharmacist, Pharmacy Practice, India.
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| 7. | AN OVERVIEW: SUSTAINED RELEASE MATRIX TECHNOLOGY |
| *S. Mahendran and N. Narayanan |
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ABSTRACT
Sustained release pharmaceutical products became a very useful tool in medical practice, offering a wide range of actual and perceived advantages to the patients. Sustained release is also providing promising way to decrease the side effect of drug by preventing the fluctuation of the therapeutic concentration of the drug in the body. Oral sustained release drug delivery medication will continue to account for the largest share of drug delivery systems. The sustained release product will optimize therapeutic effect and safety of a drug at the same time improving the patient convenience and compliance. This article contains the basic information regarding extended-release formulation and also the different types of the same.
Key Words:- Sustained release, Therapeutic concentration, Patient convenience and compliance.
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| 8. | MULTIPLE FIXED DRUG ERUPTION |
| Nallani Venkata Rama Rao*, Shaik.Shafiya Begum, Palanisamy Sharmila Nirojini, Yogya M, Ramarao Nadendla |
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ABSTRACT
A 31 year young male patient complained about the occurrence of oval, dusky red eruptions which are inflammatory and itching in nature which occurred after the ingestion of levocetrizine. He has taken this drug for the relief from rhinitis as OTC. It‟s an unusual side effect which has been occurring in the same places always followed by the ingestion of same drug. This incidence has been confirmed by the doing a rechallenge by a practicing dermatologist. It has been confirmed as a localized multiple fixed eruptions.
Key Words:- Levocitrizine, Dusky Red Eruptions, Rechallenge.
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| 9. | DESIGN AND OPTIMIZATION OF GLIMEPIRIDE SUSTAINED RELEASE MATRIX TABLETS |
| Prathap M*, Dhachinamoorthi D, Rama Rao Nadendla |
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ABSTRACT
The present work made an attempt to formulate sustained release behavior of glimepiride tablet and also to optimize the polymer level, in order to reduce the dose frequency and to improve patient compliance. The tablets were prepared by Wet granulation using various grade of rate controlling polymers in combination with hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymers HPMC (K15M) and Eudragit (L100) and carbopol (974p). The drug polymer interaction was investigated by FTIR and DSC and their results directed further course of formulation. Prepared formulations were evaluated for various parameters like weight variation, hardness, friability, % drug content and swelling index. Tablets were subjected to in vitro drug release studies. The kinetics of the dissolution process was determined by analyzing the dissolution data using various kinetic equations, e.g. Zero-order, First-order, Higuchi and Korsmeyer equations. The prepared optimized formulations showed high regression value for Zero-order release kinetics. From these result F5 has achieved the prolonged drug release, patient compliance, and cost effectiveness. Kinetic treatment to the in vitro release data revealed that the drug release followed Zero order non - fickian diffusion, It means the release of drug from tablet dissolution and diffusion both mechanisms are used.
Key Words:- Glimepiride, HPMC (K15M), Eudragit (L100), Carbopol (974p), In vitro release, Kinetic treatment.
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| 10. | ROLE OF A CLINICAL PHARMACIST IN UNDERSTANDING THE TREATMENT OF NON-ULCER DYSPEPSIA – A CASE STUDY |
| Rajani A*, Rajani M, Hemamalini K, ArifaBegum, Spandana KVLD |
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ABSTRACT
To evaluate the etiological risk factors and to understand the treatment and management of Non-ulcer Dyspepsia in general population and to assess the better treatment strategies. A prospective study was conducted in Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences for a period of one year. After ruling out the organic causes of dyspepsia by an endoscopy report, the case has been taken for study. A patient data collection form was designed exclusively for the study and complete details of the patients were collected. All the patients were evaluated for their risk factors of the disease and finally treatment was started with different classes of drugs. The optimal duration of therapy was assessed with different classes of drugs used among different populations. Out of 86 patients considered for the study, the treatment strategies were evaluated. Proton pump inhibitors were found to be efficacious among other classes of drugs. The combination of Amoxicillin + Omeprazole + Clarithromycin was found to be efficacious in Helicobacter pylori infection. Only through effective patient counseling, treatment and management of Non-Ulcer Dyspepsia results in the best outcome.
Key Words:- Non-Ulcer Dyspepsia, Treatment strategies, Proton pump inhibitors, Patient counseling, Anti-Helicobacter pylori antibiotics.
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| 11. | EVALUATION OF CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER ACTIVITY OF NEW DIHYDROPYRIDINE DERIVATIVES USING 2D-QSAR AND THREE-DIMENSIONAL SIMILARITY |
| Speranta AVRAM, Daniel DUDA-SEIMAN, Corina DUDA-SEIMAN, Florin BORCAN*, Liliana PACUREANU |
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ABSTRACT
Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) act as blockers of L-type calcium channels, inhibiting the movement of calcium ions across cell membranes, by means of calcium influx. Calcium channel blocking activity of 36 dihydropyridine derivatives (DHPs) was correlated with different parameters including hydrophobicity, molecular volume, number of hydrogen bond acceptor atoms, refractivity and number of rotatable bonds in five QSAR models. Significant fitted correlation coefficients and standard error of prediction were obtained, indicating that the established equations can be used to successfully predict the calcium channel blocking activity of DHPs. The results indicate that the contribution of molecular descriptors as the number of rotatable bonds, hydrophobicity and refractivity play a key role for the inhibitory activity of DHPs against the L-type calcium channels. Multilinear models allowed us to create a library of twenty one new DHPs, proposed by us as a source of compounds with more potent antiblocking activity towards L-type calcium channel.
Key Words:- hydrophobicity, refractivity, rotatable bonds, ROCS, combinatorial chemistry.
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