Welcome to IJPT

ABSTRACT Recently lethality of paracetamol and damage towards both, target and non target organs came into light. Proventriculus is important organ in broiler chicks hence it is selected in this study. One group, controls, 14 days old broiler chicken were administered only vehicle by i.m. injections, while another experimental group received intra muscular injection of paracetamol at lethal dose. Treatment induced unexpected results as mucosal layer revealed hyperplasia but submucosal proventricular glands revealed damage and disorganization. It is suggested that a safe dose and duration must be researched for treating chicken with paracetamol. Fast growth of broiler chickens is due to better food utilization due to better digestion by enzyme and HCl secreted by proventriculus. Significance of results is discussed. Key Words:- Acetaminophen, Proventriculus, Histopathology, Broiler Chicken, Hyperplasia.

ABSTRACT Peptic ulcer is one of the most prevalent gastrointestinal disorders, which affects approximately 5-10% of people during their life. In recent years, screening on herbal medicine to clarify their potential efficacy in peptic ulcer prevention or management. Here, present study was carried out to investigate antiulcer activity of methanol extract of Buchanania Angustifolia ï´¾Anacardiaceaeï´¿ leaves in pylorus ligated, ethanol and indomethacin induced ulceration in the albino rats. In pylorus ligation induced ulcer model, ethanol induced ulcer model and indomethacin induced ulcer model ulcer index and percentage inhibition of ulceration was determined. Omeprazole (20 mg/kg) was used as the standard drug. The methanol extract of Buchanania Angustifolia ï´¾Anacardiaceaeï´¿ leaves possess significant antiulcer properties in a dose dependent manner. Mainly the MEBA 400mg/kg shows significant action ï´¾P<0.05ï´¿ compared to dose MEBA 200mg/kg. But when compared to control group MEBA 200mg/kg shows significant antiulcer property. The methanol extract of Buchanania Angustifolia leaves possess significant antiulcer properties may be attributed to the presence of phytochemicals like flavonoids (quercetin), tannins present in the plant extract with various biological activities. Key Words:- Peptic ulcer, ethanol, Omeprazole, MEBA, Indomethacin.

ABSTRACT Obesity one of the chronic metabolic disorder, has become a major global health challenge, due to its high prevalence and provides a pathway for many of the chronic diseases including breast cancer. It is emerged as an epidemic in the developed and developing countries. Here we review the obesity its risk factors, complications and its pathogenic relation with breast cancer susceptibility and thus it provides multiple opportunities for its prevention and treatment. Poor food choices, sedentary lifestyle, physical inactivity, lack of sleep leads to obesity. So proper dieting and physical activity is needed for the weight loss and thus to improve patient compliance and there by quality of life. Recent reports showing that the obesity is a trigger factor for cancer, especially breast cancer. The main mechanisms that have been proposed as the potential producers of breast cancer in obesity are insulin, insulin like growth factor (IGF-1), sex hormones and adipokines. Along with diet and physical activity mechanisms like chronic inflammation, cross talk between normal and tumor cells, oxidative stress, migrating adipose stromal cells, obesity induced hypoxia, immunity problems are discussed. In this review article we stress on how obesity be a trigger factor for breast malignancies and also about the effect of dieting and physical activity in obesity. Key Words:- Obesity, Adipokines, Breast Cancer, Physical Activity, Insulin Resistance.

ABSTRACT Healthy wistar rats of either sex were selected and were divided according to standard protocol. They were administered single dose of alcoholic extract of Tabernaemontana divaricata orally. The wound healing effect of alcoholic extract of Tabernaemontana divaricata and its effect in Excision and Incision wound healing was studies in wistar rats. There wound models viz.incision and excision wounds were used in this study. The parameters studied were breaking strength in case of incision wounds. Epithelization and wound contraction in case of excision wound. The ethanolic treated group showed a significant (p<0.001) reduction in the wound breaking strength when compared to control group in incision type of wound model co administration of Tabernaemontana divaricata had significantly (P<0.001) increased the breaking strength of treated group. In excision wound model, the percentage of the wound contraction was significantly (p<0.05) increased by Tabernaemontana divaricata only on 16th day and also it reversed the Excision suppressed wound contraction on the 16th day. Tabernaemontana divaricata significantly (P<0.001) reduced for epithelization and reserved the epithelazation delaying effect of significantly (P<0.001). Key Words:- Tabernaemontana divaricata, Excision and Incision Wound, Wound contraction, Wound breaking strength.

ABSTRACT Aztreonam for injection contains Aztreonam and Arginine. This is a freeze dried product (Lyophilized). The Aztreonam is a synthetic bactericidal antibiotic used primarily to treat infections caused by gram negative bacteria. It is a synthetic drug and it is resistant to some beta-lactams. But it is inactivated by extended –spectrum beta lactamases and used to treat a wide variety of bacterial infections. The method for determination of Aztreonam and it’s related substances in pharmaceutical products is not described in current pharmacopoeias, the aim of this work was to develop and validate a precise, accurate and robust method. The separation was achieved on a reversed Phase C-18 column (5 μm, 25 cm x 0.46 cm, Brand: YMC Pack ODS, AQ ) using a mixture of Potassium dihydrogen Phosphate, Tetra hydrofuran and Methanol in the ratio of 50:20:30(%V/V/V) respectively and degassed, at a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min, the flow rate of mobile phase can be adjusted to obtain the retention time of Aztreonam peak between 22 and 23 minutes with help of UV detection wavelength at 254 nm. The method was validated by ICH guidelines and validation parameters showed that it could be used as stability indicating method for determination of Aztreonam and it’s related substances in Aztreonam for injection. Key Words:- Aztreonam and its related substances, HPLC, Validation, Method development.

ABSTRACT Chitin and Chitosan are the two important bioactive compounds obtained from the shell waste of a native fresh water crab Oziotelphusa senex senex by the chemical method that involves demineralization (DM), deproteinization (DP), decolorization (DC) and deacetylation (DA). The present study was conducted to isolate, purify and determine the physicochemical characteristics of the chitin and chitosan and its proficient activities obtained by altering the sequence of the chemical process based on the time period and particle size under laboratory condition. Two different protocols (DMPAC, DMPA2C) were adopted for two different particle sizes of 0.2 mm and 0.4 mm. The physicochemical characteristics and the % of yield, total proteins, moisture, ash content and carotenoid of chitin and chitosan were estimated. The results showed a significant difference statistically in the yield, total proteins, moisture, ash content and carotenoid of chitin and chitosan in both male and female crabs. The results of the present study also confirmed that the bioactive molecules present in this chitosan (particle size 0.2mm) of a fresh water crab, Oziotelphusa senex senex had both antioxidant and antihypertensive activity. Key Words:- Chitin and Chitosan,

ABSTRACT The present research was performed to investigate the anti-diabetic activities of Gracilaria corticata J.Ag., an important red seaweed collected from Hare Island, Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu, India. The methanol extract of Gracilaria corticata J.Ag. was administered via intraperitoneal injection at a dose of 200 and 400mg/kg mice on alloxan induced hyperglycemic albino mice. The fasting blood glucose level, body weight and the glucose level after the treatment of diabetic mice were assessed. The animals treated with 200mg/kg methanol extract were shown the best result of decrease in blood glucose level at a regular interval when the time increased up to 7h compared with the dose of 400mg/kg methanol extract treated animals. The result of the present study showed that the anti-diabetic activity of the methanol extract was dose dependent. Key Words:- Seaweed, Anti-diabetic, Gracilaria corticata, Methanol extract, Wistar rats.

ABSTRACT Hibiscus sabdariffa belongs to the family Malvaceae known as Rossele, Gonguru, and Sorrel. The each part of this plant is effective in many diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, obesity and cancer. The plant contains powerful antioxidant. It has good amount of anthocyanin, flavonoids and phenols. Due to the presence of bioactive compounds it shows anti-inflammatory activity, anti-bacterial activity, anti-diabetic activity, anti-obesity activity and anti-hypertensive activity. As the plant contains many beneficial properties so it also used traditionally in herbal drinks, in hot and cold beverages, as a flavoring agent in food industries and as a herbal medicines. In this review nutritional, pharmacological and phytochemical properties of this plant are concluded. Key Words:- Malvaceae, Anthocyanin, Anti-diabetic, Anti-inflammatory, Anti-obesity.